Molecular and Biochemical Toxicology by Robert C. Smart & Ernest Hodgson

Author:Robert C. Smart & Ernest Hodgson [Smart, Robert C.]
Language: eng
Format: azw3
ISBN: 9781119042433
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2017-11-06T05:00:00+00:00

A simple chemistry of cytosine deamination in DNA leads to the evolution of an efficient, ancient, and ubiquitous repair system—that is, base excision repair initiated by uracil‐DNA glycosylase—to prevent mutagenesis by cytosine deamination. This powerful mutagenesis system by cytosine deamination was later taken advantage of during the evolution of higher eukaryotes to create precisely controlled mutagenesis to achieve essentially unlimited gene diversity for producing antibodies against invasion by essentially any foreign substances. At 40°C, life becomes very uncomfortable. At 60°C, most organisms will be killed quickly. Yet, in nearly boiling water, a few species thrive. Mutagenesis makes such seemingly incomprehensible phenomena possible, attesting the power of genomic flexibility for adaptation and evolution.

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